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Light pollution regulation alternatives
Dobrianská, Kristýna ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
Light pollution regulation alternatives Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the subject of light pollution, the harmful effects of artificial (anthropogenic) light on natural nocturnal environment. The issue was first brought up some decades ago by astronomers whose night sky observations started to be obstructed by sky glow - one of the three types of light pollution. But there are far more reasons to re-evaluate the way and intensity with which we illuminate our surroundings. The natural day/night cycle and the way it changes throughout the year regulates the timing of biological processes of almost all life on Earth. Its disruption affects the orientation, reproduction and development of most animal and plant species. Humans are no exception - night-time artificial light exposure can lead to sleep disorders, depression, cardiovascular diseases and even increases the prevalence of some types of cancer. The first chapter of this thesis focuses on the complexity of the issue that is light pollution. The rest of it deals with the possible ways of regulating it. Chapter two presents a summary of supranational efforts to minimize light pollution from all relevant fields, including the steps taken by the European Union so far. The third chapter compares the legal approaches of individual countries to the...
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Private international law in South Korea compared to Czech legal regulation
Cha, Ji Yun ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
[Private International Law in South Korea Compared to Czech Legal Regulation] Abstract The thesis deals with Private International Law of South Korea and sets as its goal to give a comprehensive overview on Korean Private International Law. Its another goal to be set is to make a comparison between Korean and Czech Private International Law. The thesis consists of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter focuses on the term of ‚Private International Law' in South Korea and the Czech Republic, giving a good theoretical starting point to understand the topic of the paper. Besides, it deals with the position of Private International Law in legal system of each country as well. The second chapter looks into and compares the ways how the law of each country regulates private legal relations with foreign factors and provides so the theoretical basis for understanding of the work. The third chapter deals with legal sources of Private International Law of each country. It points out differences and similarities between various legal sources that are valid for each country. The fourth chapter focuses on Korean Private International Law Act. The author analyses and provides with a concise explanation of Articles of the Act while making simple comparison between Korean and Czech or European...
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Private International Law from a Comparative View. Succession in Private International Law according to Czech and Austrian Law
Kernová, Lenka ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Dobiáš, Petr (referee)
Private International Law from a Comparative View Succession in Private International Law according to Czech and Austrian Law The aim of the following thesis is to compare the Czech and Austrian rules of international private law in the area of succession and wills. I have chosen this topic, because this area was so far not comprehensively unified, which is to be changed in the early future. Apart from current legislative works on the european field, new internal international private law act is also being prepaired in the Czech Republic. The thesis is composed of 12 chapters and several subchapters. The first chapter describes the historical background of current international private law with special consideration of the succession area. With regard to the common historical development of the two states, it is considered as appropriate initial basis. The two following chapters represent introduction into international private law in general. Specifically the understanding of the term "international private law" in both laws is being analyzed here. And also I attempted to describe the internal structure of Czech and Austrian international private law acts. Starting with chapter 4 I focused on the branch of law of succession. Firstly I tried to introduce the topic with explanation of the given term. As it...
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Succesionh in international private law
Joklová, Andrea ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
At the moment, the European regulation on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of successions is being prepared, the comparison of the respective ruling of the EU Member States presents, therefore, very actual theme. At first, the problematic situations are exposed in this thesis that occur because of the different treatment of the particular legal orders and result into negative consequences which shall be eliminated by the unified European ruling. It concerns the conflict of qualifications, the incidental question, the renvoi and the factor of time. In the second part, this thesis deals with the particular questions of succession. The legal orders of the EU Member States usually contain a choice of law rule referring to succession as whole, while several particular questions, such as capacity to make a will, its content and form, possibility to select the applicable law as well as admissibility of other dispositions mortis causa, are submitted to another choice of law rule. In general, the applicable law is the law of the deceased's last domicile or their nationality. Some states apply the "scission" model where the immovables are governed by their lex situs while the rest of succession underlies to the above mentioned general rule. Apart from the...
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Foreign Influences in Constitutional Law
Léko, Kristián ; Hofmannová, Helena (referee)
Kristián Léko: Foreign Influences in Constitutional Law Comparative method has become one of the main trends of contemporary law. Constitutional law is no exclusion. Foreign law is often used as an inspiration in drafting, amending and interpreting of modern constitutions in many states, as well as in the Czech Republic. This thesis illustrates this fact on practical examples and creates a theoretical basis in Czech, with stresses on history, taxonomy and methodology. The first two chapters analyse the history and importance of both general comparative law (Chapter 1) and comparative constitutional law (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 analyses some methodological aspects of comparative law and Chapter 4 shows several patterns, how, when and where can foreign law have influence on domestic legal systems. The last three chapters examine three situations of foreign influence - constitutional drafting (Chapter 5), constitutional amendments (Chapter 6) and constitutional interpretation (Chapter 7). In all these chapters, basic theoretical and comparative background is set and then Czech and Czechoslovak examples are being analysed. It is possible to sum up that Czech constitutional drafters, amenders and interpreters (constitutional judges) are all using foreign arguments in some degree. However, there is no common...
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Foreign Influences in Constitutional Law
Léko, Kristián ; Hofmannová, Helena (referee)
Kristián Léko: Foreign Influences in Constitutional Law Comparative method has become one of the main trends of contemporary law. Constitutional law is no exclusion. Foreign law is often used as an inspiration in drafting, amending and interpreting of modern constitutions in many states, as well as in the Czech Republic. This thesis illustrates this fact on practical examples and creates a theoretical basis in Czech, with stresses on history, taxonomy and methodology. The first two chapters analyse the history and importance of both general comparative law (Chapter 1) and comparative constitutional law (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 analyses some methodological aspects of comparative law and Chapter 4 shows several patterns, how, when and where can foreign law have influence on domestic legal systems. The last three chapters examine three situations of foreign influence - constitutional drafting (Chapter 5), constitutional amendments (Chapter 6) and constitutional interpretation (Chapter 7). In all these chapters, basic theoretical and comparative background is set and then Czech and Czechoslovak examples are being analysed. It is possible to sum up that Czech constitutional drafters, amenders and interpreters (constitutional judges) are all using foreign arguments in some degree. However, there is no common...
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Abuse of Law in the European and Comparative Context
Fuksová, Lucie ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Beran, Karel (referee)
Abuse of Law in the European and Comparative Context This thesis aims at description and assessment of the principle of abuse of law in the Czech law. Characteristics and consequences of abuse of law are provided and put into context of legal systems and cultures different from the Czech one. Two major aspects of abuse of law are compared: its origin (i.e. emergence, legal basis in relation to character of given legal culture) and actual characteristics and ramifications of application of abuse of law. Where applicable, the consequences of the doctrine are provided separately for private and public law. In the Czech law, this sorting is more fine. This means that more branches of law are being characterized. European law, on the other hand, is not divided into any formal categories. The first part provides general theoretical basics. It deals with the way that legal principles work in the legal system and what is their role among other elements of law such as goals and values, and legal norms on the other hand. It provides description of the way that legal principles work during creation and application of law. The thesis also deals with consequences of application of the principle of abuse. The leading idea of this thesis states that "We must see the abuse of law to know it.". It is thus very...
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Application of Choice of Law Rules
Žaloudek, Václav ; Růžička, Květoslav (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee) ; Müller, Milan (referee)
The present dissertation deals with selected questions arising in the course of the application of choice of law rules and of the foreign law designated on the basis thereof. In this context, the dissertation analyzes general issues connected to the selected questions and then compares the possible solutions as implemented in Czech law, EU law and in selected foreign laws. As far as Czech law is concerned, attention is also paid to its historical development; the same is true about some of the foreign laws discussed in the dissertation. The dissertation focuses on selected wording and interpretation difficulties that used to arise and still arise in the context of particular legal instruments. First, two basic hypotheses are set out; their verification is one of the aims of the dissertation. The first is the question of whether the doctrine of choice of law rules represents a self- contained and self-sufficient system that - at least on a theoretical level - offers answers to all questions arising in the context of the application of choice of law rules. The second is the question of whether the concept of a bilateral choice of law rule, as commonly implemented today, facilitates international private law interaction and is - at least on a general level - a suitable way of governing international private...
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Methodological Problems of Comparative Law
Ejubovič, Denis ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Kühn, Zdeněk (referee)
Methodological Problems of Comparative Law Summary From the end of the Second World War the comparative law is constantly growing. Growth of the comparative law was enabled, but also forced, by escalating globalization. Development of an information and communications technology in the past decades growth of the comparative law only accelerate. On this aggressive growth the comparative law wasn't prepared, which led to perversion of its content, subversion of its method and establishment of Feyerabend's methodological anarchism, which to this day under the slogan "anything goes" reigns over the comparative law. This thesis is an attempt to create order in the comparative law. We don't do that for the comparative law, or because of the current state of the discipline, but because of our own interest in application of the comparative method in the legal science. In the first section of this thesis we propose a working definition of comparative law. In the second section of this thesis we focus on the structure of comparative method: on the structural elements which compose the comparative method. In the third section of this thesis we focus on the composition of comparative method: on the compositional elements by which are the structural elements of the comparative method integrated into the complete whole....
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Foreign Influences in Constitutional Law
Léko, Kristián ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
Kristián Léko: Foreign Influences in Constitutional Law Comparative method has become one of the main trends of contemporary law. Constitutional law is no exclusion. Foreign law is often used as an inspiration in drafting, amending and interpreting of modern constitutions in many states, as well as in the Czech Republic. This thesis illustrates this fact on practical examples and creates a theoretical basis in Czech, with stresses on history, taxonomy and methodology. The first two chapters analyse the history and importance of both general comparative law (Chapter 1) and comparative constitutional law (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 analyses some methodological aspects of comparative law and Chapter 4 shows several patterns, how, when and where can foreign law have influence on domestic legal systems. The last three chapters examine three situations of foreign influence - constitutional drafting (Chapter 5), constitutional amendments (Chapter 6) and constitutional interpretation (Chapter 7). In all these chapters, basic theoretical and comparative background is set and then Czech and Czechoslovak examples are being analysed. It is possible to sum up that Czech constitutional drafters, amenders and interpreters (constitutional judges) are all using foreign arguments in some degree. However, there is no common...
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